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BMC Gastroenterol 17:96 Kovacs-Nolan J, Rupa P, Matsui T, Tanaka M, Konishi T, Sauchi Y, Sato K, Ono S, Mine Y (2014) In vitro and ex vivo uptake of glutathione (GSH) across the intestinal epithelium and fate of oral GSH after in vivo supplementation

Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Toxic lipids may themselves stimulate apoptosis via IRE1-dependent activation of the pro-apoptotic c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK1, a MAPK (145)

Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, such as MitoQ, attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting therapeutic potential ( 2.4 Viral-induced release of mitochondrial DAMPs and innate immune activation Mitochondrial damage during viral infection often leads to the release of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as mtDNA and cytochrome c, into the cytoplasm or extracellular milieu